Hindu calendar is lunar based, i.e, it depends on the phases of the moon. In it, the day starts with local sunrise. It is allotted five "properties", called angas. They are:
- the tithi (one of 30 divisions of a synodic month) active at sunrise
- the vaasara, vaar (ravi-vaar, som-vaar, etc.) or weekday
- the nakshatra (one of 27 divisions of the celestial ecliptic) in which the moon resides at sunrise
- the yoga (one of 27 divisions based on the ecliptic longitude of the sun and moon) active at sunrise
- the karana (divisions based on tithis) active at sunrise.
Together these are called the panchāngas.
Rashi
It is the one of the 12 zodiac constellation. All the objects of the solar system pass through these. There are twelve rāshi names, there are twelve lunar month names. When the sun transits into the Mesha rāshi in a lunar month, then the name of the lunar month is Chaitra. When the sun transits into Vrishabha, then the lunar month is Vaishākh. So on.
♈ Aries
♉ Taurus
♊ Gemini
♋ Cancer
♌ Leo
♍ Virgo
♎ Libra
♏ Scorpio
♐ Sagittarius
♑ Capricorn
♒ Aquarius
♓ Pisces
Tithi: A lunar day. Named in sanskrit, amavasya and purnima and prathama, dvitiya, etc . As tithi changes the phase of the moon also changes
Paksha: A lunar month is divided in two pakshas.
- Shukla paksha: size of moon increases. Tithi changes from Amavasya to Purnima. Waxing phase.
- Krishna paksha: size of the moon decreases. Tithi goes from Purnima to Amavasya. Waning Phase.
Months
- चैत्र Chaitra
- वैशाख Vaisakha
- ज्येष्ठ Jyaishtha
- आषाढ Ashadha
- श्रावण Sravana
- भाद्रपद Bhadrapada
- आश्विन Asvina
- कार्तिक Kartika
- मार्गशीर्ष Margasirsha
- पौष Pausha
- माघ Magha
- फाल्गुन Phalguna
Vaar
- रविवार Ravivara
- सोमवार Somavara
- मंगलवार Mangalavara
- बुधवार Buddhavara
- गुरुवार Brihaspatvara
- शुक्रवार Sukravara
- शनिवार Sanivara
Nakshatra
- अश्विनी Aswini
- भरणी Bharani
- कृत्तिका Kritika
- रोहिणी Rohini
- म्रृगशीर्षा Mrigasira
- आद्रा Aridra
- पुनर्वसु Punarvasu
- पुष्य Pushya
- आश्लेषा Aslesha
- मघा Magha
- पूर्व फाल्गुनी Poorvaphalguni
- उत्तर फाल्गुनी Uttaraphalguni
- हस्त Hasta
- चित्रा Chitra
- स्वाती Swati
- विशाखा Visakha
- अनुराधा Anuradha
- ज्येष्ठा Jyehsta
- मूल Moola
- पूर्वाषाढा Poorvashadha
- उत्तराषाढा Uttarashadha
- श्रवण Sravana
- धनिष्ठा Dhanshita
- शतभिषक् Satabisha
- पूर्वभाद्रपदा Poorvabhadrapada
- उत्तरभाद्रपदा Uttarabhadrapada
- रेवती Revati
Yoga
- Vishkambha
- Priti
- Ayushman
- Saubhagya
- Sobhana
- Atiganda
- Sukarma
- Dhriti
- Soola
- Ganda
- Vriddha
- Dhruva
- Vyagatha
- Harshana
- Vajra
- Siddhi
- Vyatapata
- Variyan
- Parigha
- Siva
- Siddha
- Sadhya
- Subha
- Sukla
- Brahma
- Indra
- Vaidhriti
Karana
- Kinstughna, Bhava, Balava, Kaulava, Taitula, Garaja, Vanija, Visti (Bhadra), Sakuni, Catuspada, Nagava
